悪名と恐怖を轟かせることが目的の集団……「チェルシー・ヘッドハンターズ」および「コンバット18」などについてのメモ（リンク集）

「差別ではなく区別だ」と言えば《差別》ではなくなるかのような言説が日本ではまかり通ると思っている人もいるようだということがごく最近もはっきりと示されたばかりだが、下記は1998年時点での英国の極右中の極右、非常に暴力的で、議会制民主主義まで否定した集団のリーダーの言葉である。

"We don't want to live with Africans and Pakis, we want to live with our own people - don't we?"

In their view, cultures should not mix - except white Europeans, of course: "We're all the fucking same, ain't we? What the fucking hell's the difference between a Norman and a Saxon in 1066?" Yet they admit admiration for "the Jews and Asians" for maintaining strong communities.

「アフリカ人やパキスタン人と一緒に暮らしたくはない。自分らと同じ民族の人と暮らしたい。そういうもんでしょう」。「彼らの考えでは、文化と文化は交わってはならない。ただし白人の欧州人は別だ。『だって白人は、みんな同じじゃないっすか。1066年にノルマン人とサクソン人にどんな違いがあったと?』と言う。一方で『ユダヤ人やエイジアン（英国では南アジア人のこと）』が強い地域社会を維持していることには感心しているという」。この発言主について、詳細は後述する。

さて、パリで英国人の集団がすさまじい「人種差別」を見せ付けたことがNHKでもニュースになっているし、当方がそれについて書いたものも閲覧数が多いようなので、少し補足的に資料集的なものを書いておこうというのが本エントリだ。

以下はリンク集なので、それぞれのリンク先の記事を読んでいただきたい。そうでなければ意味はないので。

まず、「チェルシーのサポーター」についての基本情報。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelsea_F.C.#Support

During the 1970s and 1980s in particular, Chelsea supporters were associated with football hooliganism. The club's "football firm", originally known as the Chelsea Shed Boys, and subsequently as the Chelsea Headhunters, were nationally notorious for football violence, alongside hooligan firms from other clubs such as West Ham United's Inter City Firm and Millwall's Bushwackers, before, during and after matches. The increase of hooligan incidents in the 1980s led chairman Ken Bates to propose erecting an electric fence to deter them from invading the pitch, a proposal that the Greater London Council rejected.

「チェルシー・ヘッドハンターズ」（元はチェルシー・シェッド・ボーイズ）
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelsea_Headhunters

There was widespread racism amongst the gang and links to various white supremacist organisations, such as Combat 18 and the National Front. The gang also became affiliated with Northern Irish loyalist paramilitary organisations, such as the Ulster Defence Association and Ulster Volunteer Force.

チェルシーとC18の関連の例。2011年1月にベルファストで撮影された写真。


※この下は少し刺激が強くなります。ネオナチに慣れていない方はご注意ください。

Chelsea headhuntersでのGoogle画像検索結果:


この「骸骨」はこれ。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Totenkopf#Third_Reich

Combat 18も使ってる。
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_18

で、そのCombat 18というのは何かというと:

Combat 18 (C18) is a neo-Nazi organisation associated with the Blood and Honour organisation, based on the principles of "leaderless resistance". It originated in the United Kingdom but has since spread to other countries. Members of Combat 18 have been suspected in numerous deaths of immigrants, non-whites, and other C18 members.

C18の結成は1992年で、設立時リーダーはCharlie Sargent. これが1995年2月15日のダブリンのサッカー暴動（さっきの記事の後半に書いた）のこの男。

20 years ago today: The charming men blamed for the Lansdowne Road Riot http://t.co/QeXxc7XRA8 pic.twitter.com/AiIHOMfNLe

— Balls.ie (@ballsdotie) February 15, 2015

Sargent founded Combat 18 in 1992. The number 18 was used because of the numerical position of Adolf Hitler’s initials on the alphabet. Initially they operated as a kind of stewarding/security group for the BNP but split from them the following year because of their hostility to electoral politics. The BNP’s philosophy also left them cold. They weren’t nationalists, they were racialists.

Football hooligans, political sophisticates that they are, were receptive to this group’s ‘message’. Neo-Nazi literature was distributed at English football grounds and was found among the debris at Lansdowne Road the following morning.

... They asserted the invasion of Dublin as their greatest ‘success’. Whether they organised it or not, Combat 18 claimed the ‘credit’ for it.

http://balls.ie/football/432143-the-charming-men-blamed-for-the-lansdowne-road-riot-20-years-ago-combat-18-lansdowne-road/

このとき、「あの暴動はうちがやった」的なことをC18は言ったのだが、実はそれは根拠のあることではなかった（フカシだった）。それでも、イングランドの1996年ユーロ開催を案じる声によって増幅されて伝えられた「イングランドの恐ろしいフーリガン」像は、C18にとっては非常によい宣伝となった。

※「イスラム国」を自称する勢力（ネットスラングで「イスイス団」、本稿では「ISIS」と表記）と同じで、こういうイデオロギー組織は「恐怖」をばら撒くことで「宣伝」を求めている。

ちなみにこの当時のC18関連の旗などは、2010年以降はEDLの集会などで見られるようになっている。

今回、改めてC18について検索してみたら、1998年のインディペンデントのすごい記事が出てきた。組織内の内紛による殺人で有罪となったCharlie Sargentが刑務所送りになったころの記事だ。

Combat 18: Memoirs of a street-fighting man
Nick Ryan, Sunday 01 February 1998
http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/combat-18-memoirs-of-a-streetfighting-man-1142204.html

Ten days ago the leader of the UK's most notorious neo-Nazi group was jailed for murder. In a terrifying series of interviews, published here for the first time, he and his companions talked openly about their beliefs

... "We don't want to live with Africans and Pakis, we want to live with our own people - don't we?" quips a large, Humpty Dumpty figure with a receding hairline and a dull leer. Covered in a heavy lace of tattoos and carrying a bulky bag of CDs, Paul David "Charlie" Sargent is a leader not so much by charisma as by force and fear. He has a habit of putting a rhetorical question at the end of his sentences. It leaves little room for discussion. His three companions drag on cigarettes and pull baseball caps down over their tight-cropped hair as they talk of revolution - White Revolution.

"Our kids are learning 'their' way of life before their own," laments Scott, a gruff former squaddie. A clamour of guttural "yeahs", uttered into pints, supports him. "They're taking us over," adds Charlie in his animated, nasal voice. "The whole of London is just becoming a cesspit." The solution? "National Socialism." Which is? "Racism ..." he says, with a characteristically challenging look, "... the easiest politics in the world."

To Charlie and the others, "they" - meaning either the state, which they call Zog (Zionist Occupation Government), or the immigrant communities - are the Enemy. So now they want no part of the system. "I don't vote. What's the point? I'm not gonna play their fucking silly little games," says Charlie.

この "White Revolution" という理念・思想が、「反ユダヤ主義」、「反マルクス主義」を経由して、現在では（「反ユダヤ主義」は飛び越えて）「反ムスリム」と結びついている。2011年夏に大量殺戮を実行したノルウェーのアンネシュ・ブレイヴィクはその「革命」思想の持ち主のひとり。

（話ずれるけど、"We don't want to live with Africans and Pakis, we want to live with our own people - don't we?" みたいな主張のことを、曽野綾子氏は知らなかったのだろうか。人種差別について、肯定するんでも否定するんでも、何か知ろうとした場合は必ずこの主張には接するはずなのだが。英国であれ米国であれ、南アフリカであれ、ほかのどこであれ。）

引き続きインディの記事から:

Castle's murder followed months of infighting over control of a lucrative and illegal neo-Nazi music business, and arguments about C18's strategy and direction. The faction opposed to Sargent made headlines last year when they initiated a letter-bombing campaign with help from Danish neo- Nazis. The bombs were sent to enemies on the far right, as well as to swimming star Sharron Davies, who has a black husband. This second, even more extreme faction - led by Charlie Sargent's former right-hand man (who cannot be named for legal reasons) - is now in the ascendancy, and has seized the Combat 18 name. In its magazine Strikeforce, it proclaims itself to be "revolutionary" and promises an international terrorist campaign, a threat that Special Branch is taking seriously.

The "new" C18 has promised further bloodletting against the faction remaining loyal to Sargent (now called the National Socialist Movement). At Sargent's trial a fortnight ago, the two sides traded insults and threats as they were kept apart by police. "The blood is going to flow," predicted Eddie Stanton, a Sargent loyalist.

「デンマークのネオナチの支援を得て手紙爆弾作戦を展開」とか、細部にこそ神は宿るというか。記事の下のほうには "Three Danish neo-Nazis are now serving between three and eight years each for their part in the plot." とも書かれている。

COMBAT 18 originally carved its name in history in the early Nineties. It was the first right-wing group in the UK to take the state head-on, entirely rejecting conventional politics. The group had originally promised a violent race war against "invading" immigrants and a system which it believed had abandoned working-class "white" people. It proved attractive to disillusioned young men across the country, and particularly on the council estates of the South-East, because it brooked no compromise and promised direct action against the "oppressors".

C18's origins were as a group providing security for the British National Party, the UK's principal far-right organisation. C18 took its name from the numerical position of Adolf Hitler's initials in the alphabet - "1" and "8" - aiming to terrorise its opponents. In a departure from previous right-wing ventures, C18 did not attempt to persuade ordinary people to its cause, or to win elections - it just acted. As Charlie Sargent told me when I first met him: "It would be a lie to think we are attractive to most people, because we're not. We are what we are. We don't pretend we're something we're not."

Instead, C18 looked for support among ultra-violent football hooligan firms and around the "white power" skinhead music scene. ...

A number of members also worked (and still do) as cocaine dealers and illegal debt collectors in the criminal underworld. They were happy to show me how to "bosh" someone in the stomach with a knife, as a penalty for failing to pay up on a loan. Similarly, they mocked the Government's law and order strategy, claiming it was ineffectual and that the prisons were C18's natural recruiting ground. With their jailbird tattoos, they would casually refer to the police as "scum". By their own admission they were violent people. "We're thugs who follow an ideology," boasted Charlie.

パリの地下鉄内での "We're racist and that's the way we like it" のチャントは、C18のリーダーが言う "We're thugs who follow an ideology" の別の言い方だ。これを白日の下にさらしたところで、彼らはこういうのを恥じ入ってやめるということはしないだろう。

"Race not Nation - we're not British nationalists, we're racialists," Charlie told me 15 months ago. C18 believed in the white European/Aryan "race", as opposed to the BNP's belief in the British "nation". "The BNP's view is just bullshit," said Steve Sargent, "but we're not under no illusions. The BNP say they're gonna sweep the country in 10 years time, but that's bullshit, 'coz it's never gonna happen." Where the BNP had the idea of repatriating black and other communities to their "native" countries, C18 believed in building white powerbases from which to launch attacks.

In another departure from previous right-wing extremist thinking, C18 drew ideological inspiration from the USA, particularly from theories espousing "race war". Thus, in a French Nazi publication, Terror Elite, Charlie Sargent explained that the race war desired by neo-Nazis would not happen of its own accord: "We have to incite the niggers and Arabs. I and others are personally dedicated to declaring war on the system over the coming years. I know that could mean death or life imprisonment, but I hope to light a touchpaper to a fire so powerful that Zog will never put it out."

The group adopted, or at least claimed to adopt, a strategy known as "leaderless resistance". Using this strategy, small cells of activists would operate autonomously, theoretically making the organisation more resistant to infiltration. This system was devised by followers of The Order, a right-wing terrorist group in the USA which murdered law-enforcement officials and a prominent Jewish radio host in 1984. While it was eventually destroyed in a shoot out with the FBI, The Order became an inspiration for neo-Nazis across the world. Former followers are still in touch with C18 today.

で、この人たちがチェルシーFCのファンというつながりの集団の中に入り込んでたのが「チェルシー・ヘッドハンターズ」で、ヘッドハンターズは普通のチェルシーのサポーターを脅していた。同じインディの記事から:

Another victim of C18's violence was Ross Fraser, a former editor of the Chelsea Independent soccer fanzine. Following remarks that racism had no place in football, Fraser was subjected to a vicious campaign of violence. In an attack on a London pub, Fraser was left needing seven stitches to his face and his sight was permanently damaged after he was struck with a broken bottle. Three others required hospital treatment, one with a slashed jugular vein. Two months later, Fraser only narrowly missed further injury after a C18 supporter tried to stab him in the face after a Chelsea game in Prague.

http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/combat-18-memoirs-of-a-streetfighting-man-1142204.html

つまり、「フットボールにレイシズムの居場所はない」と述べたことで、チェルシーFCのファンジンの編集をしていたロス・フレイザーというチェルサポさんが、パブで襲撃され、視力に障害が残るけがを負わされたほか、3人が病院で手当を受けなければならないようなことになった。さらに2ヵ月後にフレイザーさんは再度、今度はプラハでC18に襲撃されたがこのときは難を逃れた。

Why then such fanaticism, such hate? What terrible event set them on this course? The brothers both claim they had happy, uneventful childhoods, raised as they were in a family of three brothers and two sisters on an estate in Barnet, north London. Their father was a Loyalist supporter from Clacton, who brought up his children to be "proud racists". "He was hard but fair, our old man, I'll give him that," says Steve. "He brought us up to believe in certain things, just like if your dad was a Communist, you'd grow up believing Communist things," adds Charlie. What does this mean, exactly? "We were brought up as Fascists and nationalists."

Football and music were the gathering points for the young Sargents. Their older brother Billy had already gone off to become a heavy for various groups on the Right. To Charlie, fighting with 200 other fans at an Arsenal away game became "a way of proving your manhood". The talk turns to football firms, and how trust and loyalty to your mates are incredibly important (and no one should ever, ever, "grass" to the police).

"We were both involved in the hooligan thing and started out fighting,"says Charlie...

「子供のころは平凡で幸せだった」と言いつつ「親によってファシスト、ナショナリストとして育てられた」と言う。兄弟揃って子供のころから極右だった彼ら。「男らしさの証明」のためにアーセナル（C18のサージェントはアーセナルのサポーターだそうだ）のアウェイの試合で相手チームのファン200人と喧嘩をするのが当然という人物。

彼、チャーリー・サージェントは、1998年1月に終身刑を宣告され、上記のインディペンデント記事が出たときには刑務所に入れられたばかりだった。

なお、2013年、彼は仮釈放となった。仮釈放の条件として、「C18の友人たちとは接触しないこと」、「暴力にかかわらないこと」が与えられていたが、出所直後に彼はそれを破った。エセクス州のパブにお仲間が集い、飲んで、ナチ・サリュートをして、暴力沙汰になった。当然のこととして、チャーリー・サージェントは刑務所に逆戻り。それが2014年11月で、極右ウォッチャーのHope Not Hateが詳しく報告している。
http://www.hopenothate.org.uk/blog/nick/go-directly-to-jail-do-not-pass-go-4142

で、2000年代も後半になって、C18なんてイングランドでは忘れられた存在になりつつあったとき、当のC18は北アイルランドで活動していて（ロイヤリスト武装組織と関連）、2009年にはミルタウン墓地のリパブリカンのプロットをアレした。（ミルタウン墓地のリパブリカンのプロットが荒らされるのは珍しいニュースではなく、ボビー・サンズの墓などは何度かめちゃくちゃに破壊されている。）

IRA graves daubed with fascist graffiti - BelfastTelegraph.co.uk via kwout

ちなみにこのキャプチャの男性はリパブリカンの有名人、ボビー・ストーリーである。

そしてそんなC18の前身組織がBM（上で見たHope Not Hateの記事にもちょろっと出てくる）:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Movement

BMは消滅したと思っていたらそういうわけでもなく、ネットで活動しているらしい。

The new BM re-emerged during the mid-1990s by becoming heavily involved in the distribution of white power music. By this time Micky Lane had taken over as leader of the group, a position that meant his name appear on an alleged Combat 18 hitlist due to the rivalries between the groups. Although a British Movement still exists, it has a tiny, largely inactive, membership. It does however maintain a presence on the internet.

ここらへん、「過去の話」ではなく、EDLやBFなど現在進行形のことにつながっている。これはギャング活動ではなく「思想」なので、人が投獄されても、組織がつぶれても、それで終わりになることはない。むしろ、上で見たインディ記事にも少し書かれているが、報道されることで人に知られ、拡散する。

パリの地下鉄での出来事は、たまたまその場にいた人（パリで仕事をしているPaul Nolanさんという人）が撮影した。「これはひどい」という人として当然の気持ちで撮影したのだが、騒いでいた連中にとってはこの「騒がれっぷり」はどうなのだろうと、暗い気持ちになる。

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欧州極右については、はてブ使ってたころに日々のニュースをいろいろメモってあるので、調べたい方はそちらも。
http://b.hatena.ne.jp/nofrills/far-right/

※この記事は

2015年02月19日

にアップロードしました。
1年も経ったころには、書いた本人の記憶から消えているかもしれません。