UVFの「活動停止」ステートメント―― the Ulster Volunteer Force and Red Hand Commando will assume a non-military, civilianised, role.

* a CC Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Licensed photo by drazz, taken on March 27, 2006

というわけで、ロイヤリストのテロ組織、UVFが「テロ活動の停止」を宣言した。元UVFの義勇兵であり、獄中で武装活動を否定して政治という手段に活路を見出したガスティ・スペンス（年齢は70台）が、Captain William Johnston名義のステートメントを読み上げる映像はBBCで見られる。そのうちにYouTubeにも上がるかもしれない。
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/help/3681938.stm

Commensurate with these developments, as of 12 midnight, Thursday 3 May 2007, the Ulster Volunteer Force and Red Hand Commando will assume a non-military, civilianised, role.

To consolidate this fundamental change in outlook we have addressed the methodology of transformation from military to civilian organisation by implementing the following measures in every operational and command area.

--- the UVF statement on 3 May 2007
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6618365.stm

ステートメントは、まず、近年のリパブリカンの動き（活動停止）を評価するところから始まり、UVFは「人員募集、軍事訓練、標的の選定はすべて停止し、保持している情報もすでに古びており、すべての部隊は活動を停止した」と、活動停止を報告し、「今後不法行為を働いたメンバーは警察に任せる」といった内容の、「俺たちが法律だ」的スタンスの停止について述べ、これまでのプロセスと現在の状況についてのUVFの認識を語り（この部分が要分析）、政府に今後とも我々がこの路線を踏み外さないようにしっかり頼むと要請している。（以上、とても乱暴にまとめました。）

で、こういう宣言をしたのはいいのだが、中身は2005年のPIRAのステートメントと同等か、ひょっとしたらそれ以上に曖昧だ。ここでは便宜上「テロ活動の停止」と書くが（ほかにしょうがないから）、声明では上記の通り、「UVFとRHC（両者は一体だから区別しなくていい）は、非軍事的、市民的な役割を担うこととなる」とある。つまりこれまではmilitaryであったがこれからはそうでなくなる、これがfundamental change in outlook（根本的な考え方の転換）なのだ、こうして根本的に変わった我々は解散はしない、と言っているようにしか読めない。

で、「これからはnon-militaryということは、これまでがmilitaryだったということで、それはterroristの間違いだろう」というツッコミが入るわけだが、そこでツッコミ入れ始めるとNIは際限なくなるのでここは流して、ではどういうのがcivilianised roleなのかというと、ここでもツッコミ入れ始めると「いや、しかしPIRAも」という話になってしまうから後回しにして、既にUVFが持っている武器はどうしたんだというツッコミだけ入れることにするわけだ。

ベルテレさんではスクリプト掲載ページ（下記）の、声明文の前に書き添えてあるリード文で次のように「武器を使えない状態にしたあとで、非軍事的な役割を担うことになる」と述べている。（これは声明文の一部ではなくベルテレさんで独自に用意したリードである。）

The UVF is to assume a non-military, civilianised role after putting its weapons beyond use, the loyalist paramilitary organisation announced today.

この記述自体が、単に英文としてけっこう曖昧なのだが（前置詞＋動名詞の部分に解釈の余地がある）、ベルテレさんのこの記述は内容的にも不正確だ。BBCなど他のメディアの報道と明らかに食い違っているし、声明にある記述とも食い違っている。（この話はスラオさん記事のコメ欄でも出ている。）

BBC掲載のトランスクリプトでもベルテレさん掲載のスクリプトでもいいから、ちょっと見てみればとわかる。声明から：

all ordinance has been put beyond reach and the IICD instructed accordingly.

これはputting its weapons beyond use（ベルテレ）ではない。putting its weapons beyond reachだ。何だよこの"beyond reach" って。。。小さい子供のいる家庭でのはさみの保管の注意点じゃないんだから。(^^;

ほかのメディアの報道、例えばBBCは：
UVF calls end to terror campaign
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6618371.stm

The paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force has declared that it is renouncing violence and will cease to exist as a terrorist organisation from midnight.

It also said it will keep its weapons, but has put them "beyond reach".

UVFは暴力を否定し、テロ組織として存在することを午前12時から停止すると宣言した。UVFはまた、武器は放棄しないが、「届かないところ」に置くと述べた。

アイリッシュ・タイムズもIICDのコメントを紹介するストレートな記事を出している。
Last Updated: 03/05/2007 10:41
IIC 'concern' over UVF weapons
http://www.ireland.com/newspaper/breaking/2007/0503/breaking32.htm

Following a ground-breaking statement by the UVF about its intentions to move away from paramilitarism and criminality, General John de Chastelain's Independent International Commission on Decommissioning (IICD) urged the loyalist group to work with it to destroy the arsenal.

まあ、IRA（PIRA）の（一応の）武装放棄に７年かかったのだ。UVFがそう簡単に「あっちがやったからこっちも」ということになるわけはない。昨年４月、IRAの（一応の）武装放棄が終わってかなり経過した段階でのベルテレさんの独占インタビューでも、UVFは「われわれの辞書に武装放棄の文字はない」ということを言っているのだ。
http://nofrills.seesaa.net/article/22650856.html

まだまだ先は長いのかもしれない。そろそろ夏のセクタリアン祭り（オレンジな人たちの行進）のシーズンも始まるし、ああまさにpeace comes dropping slowだ。

それでも、原稿をじっと見ながらステートメントを読み上げるスペンスの映像を見ながら、 Moreover, we state unequivocally, that any volunteer engaged in criminality does so in direct contravention of brigade command and thus we welcome any recourse through due process of law. と言い終わったところで鼻をちーんとかむスペンスの姿を見ながら、そして原稿をめくって次の一節に進んだときのスペンスの表情と声を確認しながら、これは「ピース・プロセス」なのだと思う。

We call on all violent dissidents to desist immediately and urge all relevant governments and their security apparatus to deal swiftly and efficiently with this threat.

Failure to do so will inevitably provoke another generation of loyalists toward armed resistance.

・・・とここでまた、「armed resistanceって、あんたらのあれはresistanceですか」とツッコミが。。。ほんっと、用語法が難しいよ、北アイルランドは。

---

ところでスペンスは原稿で一箇所読み飛ばしている。下記引用で太字で示した部分。犠牲となった一般市民への「お詫び」のところだ（むろん、ストレートな「謝罪」はしていない）。ここを読み飛ばしてしまったことは、いろんな憶測を呼びそうな気もする。

We have taken the above measures in an earnest attempt to augment the return of accountable democracy to the people of Northern Ireland and as such, to engender confidence that the constitutional question has now been firmly settled.

In doing so we reaffirm the legitimacy of our tactical response to violent nationalism yet reiterate the sincere expression of abject and true remorse to all innocent victims of the conflict.

Brigade command salutes the dedication and fortitude of officers, NCOs and volunteers throughout the difficult, brutal years of armed resistance.

---

比較材料：IRAのステートメント
2005年07月29日
The leadership of Oglaigh na hEireann has formally ordered an end to the armed campaign. 「IRA指導部は正式に武装キャンペーン終結を命令した」
http://nofrills.seesaa.net/article/24448559.html

2005年09月27日
IRAの武装解除完了の宣言。
http://nofrills.seesaa.net/article/24448316.html

---

記事リンク集：
■BBC：
UVF calls end to terror campaign
Last Updated: Thursday, 3 May 2007, 11:46 GMT 12:46 UK
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6618371.stm
※映像、The history of the Ulster Volunteer Forceつき。とはいえ映像の中身は今回のUVFのステートメントについてのデニス・マレーのレポートで、UVFの血みどろの歴史についてはほとんど映像なし。IRAのときはもっとすごい映像が出ていたけれども、それはIRAの活動範囲がブリテン島に及んでいたからだと思う。レポートの結論は「ステートメントの内容をみると、何年も前に出されていてもよさそうなものだったと思われる。それでもこれは大きな布石ではある」。

Reaction to UVF statement
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6619133.stm
※IICD、英首相スポークスマン、PSNI、NI大臣ピーター・ヘイン、UUP、SF、PUP、SDLP、DUP、プレスビテリアン・チャーチの反応。今後追加されるかも。プレスビテリアンのが感動的だが、引用しておくべきはSF（IRAの政治ウィング）とPUP（UVFの政治ウィング）のだろう。

JOHN O'DOWD, SINN FEIN
This is a welcome statement if it signals a recognition of the new political reality where there is no room for armed or violent actions.

People who have been the victim of the UVF campaigns across the north, particularly the sectarian campaigns in places like north Antrim, will want to see an end to their violence on the ground.

DAWN PURVIS, PUP
There has been drastic political change over the last number of years, with new political dynamics forged.

This statement by the UVF/RHC is an assurance that they are prepared to be part of this new Northern Ireland in a constructive manner.

UVF must match words with actions
By Vincent Kearney
BBC Northern Ireland home affairs correspondent
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6618475.stm
※論説。結論はIf Thursday's statement is borne out in deeds as well as words, this will be remembered as a highly significant day, and bring to an end another bloody chapter of Northern Ireland's history.

この記事からはUVFの指令系統が生きていることがはっきりわかるほか、警察やIMCは彼らを「ギャング」と見ているが彼ら自身は「アーミー」だと思っているとかいうことも書かれている。記事全体ではステートメントまでの歩みを解説。すごくおもしろい。

In October, the five most senior UVF leaders, its so-called Brigade Command, the equivalent of the IRA Army Council, travelled to Messines in Belgium, where there is a monument commemorating the members of the original UVF who died in the First World War, to discuss the responses to the consultation.

That is when Thursday's statement began to take shape.

The words have been rewritten over and over again since then, but the general thrust did not change: having accepted that the IRA's war is over, the UVF's leadership could no longer offer any justification for the organisation to continue to exist.

ちょっとびっくりするのが次の件。

It is claimed that the organisation has almost 5,000 members.

...

Why, they were asked, does the UVF have more members now than it did when it announced its ceasefire in 1994?

北アイルランドは総人口が170万くらいの小さなエリアだ。メンバー5000人は相当大きな組織といえよう。ていうかIRAが現在1000人くらいだというから、UVF/RHCという組織はIRAの５倍の規模！　しかも94年の停戦後にメンバーが増えているって。

それから武器のbeyond reachの件：

The big question is: what exactly does "put beyond reach" mean?

Put beyond the reach of everyone? Or will a small group of senior members be charged with protecting the weapons, and potentially have access to them at a future point?

And will the Canadian general be allowed to verify the process, to assure the government and the public that the UVF has done what it says? Another question is, can we believe the UVF?

UVFの血まみれの歴史：

The UVF killed the first victims of the Troubles, Catholic civilians John Scullion and Peter Ward, in June 1966.

It also killed the first police officer to die in the Troubles, Constable Victor Arbuckle, a 29-year-old Protestant father-of-two from Newtownstewart who was shot on the Shankill Road during serious rioting in August 1969.

The organisation was also responsible for some of the worst atrocities of the Troubles.

It spawned the notorious Shankill Butchers, who subjected some of their victims to prolonged torture before killing them with weapons like knives, cleavers and axes.

The UVF also carried out the bomb attack on McGurk's bar in Belfast in December 1971 in which 15 people died, the Dublin and Monaghan bomb attacks which killed 33 people in May 1974, and the attack on The Height's Bar in Loughinisland in June 1994 in which six people died.

# ああ、シャンキル・ブッチャーズの件、原稿を仕上げないと。

Pain of UVF victims' families
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6618583.stm
※1966年にＵＶＦに殺されたPeter Ward（享年18）のお母さんと、家族３人をＵＶＦに殺されたMichael Campbellのインタビュー。

"I'll be very, very glad that I'll not be hearing any more of this murdering affair." - Mary Ward

"I don't want my kids and other kids growing up in what we grew up in." - Michael Campbell

■ベルテレ：
UVF: a farewell to arms?
War is over, but guns 'put beyond reach' not destroyed
Thursday, May 03, 2007
By Brian Rowan
http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/article2508733.ece
※ベルテレさん、新しい記事では「武器」の件でツッコミを入れている。Brian Rowan記者は昨年UVFに独占インタビューした記者。

This is written as an endgame statement by the UVF and Red Hand leadership, but the weapons issue is unresolved.

Putting its arms "beyond reach" means under the control of paramilitary quartermasters.

にゃるほど。つまりIRAでいうアーミー・カウンシルがメンバーの武器を集めて管理するということ、メンバーの手の届かないところに置くということか。

それから、シャスタレン将軍のことも。今里帰り中なのね。14日にベルファストに戻る。ということは、武装解除宣言があるとしたら、そのあとだということは間違いない。

Billy Hutchinson and one of the UVF's most senior leaders advised General John de Chastelain of this decision in an early morning call to Canada on Tuesday.

The general returns to Belfast on May 14 and is likely to call on the loyalist organisations to engage with his Commission.

あと、ステートメントの重要な部分。

The political and security context to this statement is that the UVF believes "the mainstream republican offensive has ended", that the principle of consent "has been firmly established", and that " the Union remains safe".

There is no apology for the loyalist war, but they repeat their " expression of abject and true remorse to all innocent victims of the conflict ".

They call on all violent dissidents to "desist immediately", and urge the governments and security forces "to deal swiftly and efficiently with this threat".

"Failure to do so will inevitably provoke another generation of loyalists toward armed resistance," the statement adds.

Beginning of the end for UVF
Brian Rowan analyses today's UVF statement
Thursday, May 03, 2007
http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/article2508812.ece
※1994年の停戦宣言との比較。昨年の独占インタビューとの比較も。

We were here before - many years ago for that ceasefire announcement of 1994.

Gusty Spence read the statement then, and 13 years later he was once again the chosen voice to speak the words of the UVF and Red Hand leaderships.

And, if you look, you will find the roots of those words in an interview that is now one-year-old.

That interview given "with the full authority of the Brigade Command of the Ulster Volunteer Force" was printed in this newspaper last April.

Back then, the man who spoke to the Belfast Telegraph did so from behind a balaclava.

And what did he say on the question of arms?

"Quite frankly decommissioning is not a word that we use in our vocabulary. Decommissioning is something that the Ulster Volunteer Force have neither promised nor discussed nor are likely to become engaged in. It's not on our agenda."

Then those comments were set in some context.

"However, the issue of military material is something that the Ulster Volunteer Force are very actively discussing. We recognise that society is changing.

"We, engaged in the process that we are, wish to be responsible about military materials. We do not want to see a Northern Ireland awash with weapons and plagued by the misuse of those weapons, and we are looking at that issue responsibly."

And in that year-old word puzzle you had both your clue and your answer. The UVF was always going to deliver short of decommissioning.

And this - in a statement that in so many places can be read so positively - is where the loyalist leadership missed the moment. In clinging to their guns - the weapons of their bloody history - they have failed to recognise just how much society has changed.

And in that missed moment - in the mistake they have made - the paramilitary leadership have left this initiative wide open to attack.

Out of their mouths, in another interview with this newspaper last August, the UVF command accepted that "the Provo war" was finished.

It is almost two years since the IRA ordered an end to its armed campaign and moved quickly to decommissioning.

At nine different locations, watched by the de Chastelain Commission and church witnesses, republican weapons were put beyond use.

And, in those developments, a standard was set.

The UVF still waited.

It wanted certainty on Northern Ireland's political future - certainty that has now been delivered in the making of the Sinn Fein-DUP deal.

And all of this, in terms of demands and expectations, was going to raise the bar yet higher - and it was raised to a height above the UVF's reach.

You will be told from inside that organisation that decommissioning would have threatened this entire loyalist initiative.

It just couldn't be delivered.

But that won't wash - not any more.

Weapons left under the control of paramilitary quartermasters, are weapons that are still available for use.

Armies - even the paramilitary ones - are led and ordered.

Decommissioning is achieved by leadership direction.

'Volunteers' are told it is happening.

That's what the IRA did, and that's what made it possible.

So, we have a day of progress - significant progress - in all that has been said about all that will stop.

But this is not the end.

It can't be, and it won't be until the guns are gone.

There are too many scars, too many wounds to be healed, and too many ghosts.

And this statement - for all its words and all its worth - has a missing part.

・・・こんなの、ベルテレさんのほかでは読めません。

Marching the UVF off this war stage is not like switching a light out. It's achieved by a slow melting away...
Thursday, May 03, 2007
By Brian Rowan
http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/article2508297.ece
※同じくBrian Rowanによる解説。時間はかかるのだ、という論旨。噛んで含めるような文章。

Harold Good, the churchman who watched the IRA put its weapons beyond use, talks about processes and journeys. Today, he and others will recognise that the loyalist leadership has taken another step forward.

But he also made that comment: "We do expect and we have a right to ask for completeness."

Marching the UVF or any other organisation off this war stage is not like switching a light out.

These things have to be managed - and they are achieved by a slow melting away.

So, even after today's statement there will be a UVF and Red Hand leadership and there will be unfinished business.

That is part of the continuing journey - this walk away from war and the steps towards peace.

It is understandable that there is a continuing focus on the weapons question - but that is only part of today's story. Progress is being made. Something positive is happening. But it may take a while for people to believe.

Too little too late: relatives of victims
http://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/news/local-national/article2508990.ece
※UVFの血まみれの歴史を犠牲者の家族を取材してまとめた記事。

Records show the UVF was responsible for 569 deaths between 1966 and 2005. About three-quarters of them were Catholics and 25% Protestants.

Their first victim was John Patrick Scullion, who was shot in West Belfast on June 11, 1966 by the UVF gang led by Gusty Spence - the veteran loyalist who delivered the loyalist ceasefire statement in 1994 and the latest UVF announcement.

The most recent UVF killing was of Michael Green, on August 15, 2005, in the Sandy Row area of Belfast.

The Dublin-Monaghan bombings on May 17, 1974 were among the worst incidents carried out by the UVF - leaving 33 people dead.

Margaret Urwin, secretary of the Dublin-Monaghan relatives' group Justice for the Forgotten, said the UVF needs to come clean about who helped carry out the bombings. Some evidence points towards the security forces.

"The UVF admitted the Dublin-Monaghan bombings 19 years after the event, after denying it all that time," she said. "When they admitted it, they declared that they acted alone.

"There's enough evidence now that shows that's untrue as well. We would like to see them come forward and tell the truth about what happened.

...

The 13th anniversary of Roseanne Mallon's murder by UVF gunmen will fall on the day Stormont is revived next week.

Her nephew, Martin Mallon, also called for the UVF to reveal the role of informers in her killing outside Co Tyrone.

Undercover soldiers were present when she was killed but ordered "not to react".

"There's still no word on who's pulling who's strings," he said.

"I supported Sinn Fein in moving forward, and things have to move forward, but the British Government have to stand up and say 'we were involved in a dirty war and we guarantee that our war is finished'.

"They're asking nationalists and republicans to support the police, but the British government is still protecting these murderers.

"They need to be a lot more transparent about what went on."

...

Paul McKenna's sister Sharon was shot by the UVF on January 17, 1993, as she cooked a meal for a Protestant friend who had just been released from hospital.

Earlier this year, the Police Ombudsman found that her killer had been a paid police informant who was protected from prosecution.

Paul McKenna said he welcomed the UVF statement "though it is a bit too late".

"Any move in that direction we would have to support," he said.

"What I'd really welcome is if they went away and left everybody alone."

...

Raymond McCord's campaign about the UVF murder of his son, Raymond Jnr, led to a major Police Ombudsman report about collusion between members of the group and police.

"I want to hear they're disbanding," he said.

"I want their political people to explain why there's a need for the UVF. It's no use just making a statement - the issue of victims won't go away."

・・・BBCでは（今のところ）読めない内容。北アイルランド紛争の「泥沼化」（＜あえてこの言い方をする）の責任は、テッド・ヒース以降の英国政府がちゃんと認めるべきなのだ。人口170万という小さな地域で、いったいどれだけの血と涙が流されたことか。どれだけの心が破壊されたか。どれだけの不信が植え付けられたか。国家が何をしたのか。

■ＡＰ通信（掲載はガーディアン）：
Timeline: A history of violence
http://www.guardian.co.uk/Northern_Ireland/Story/0,,2071459,00.html
※ＵＶＦの血まみれの歴史年表。ただしオリジナルＵＶＦの時代から書かれているから、現代のＵＶＦのだけ見たい人は1965以降のみを参照のこと。

■ガーディアン：あまりリソースを割いていない雰囲気。選挙とかＭＩ５とかいろいろあるのでそのせいだろうか
UVF announces end of terror campaign
Mark Oliver and agencies
Thursday May 3, 2007
http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0,,2071424,00.html
※普通の報道記事だが、ジェリー・アダムズらナショナリストのコメントを取っている。ジェリー・アダムズって策士なんだか大人なんだか。

Nationalist and republican politicians also welcomed the move but had misgivings about the claims weapons had been put beyond use, demanding independent verification. Sinn Fein's president, Gerry Adams, said the move was "another critical step", but added that "for many people it won't go far enough".

...

Nationalist SDLP Assembly member Alban Maginness said the UVF had made a "big step" away from terror and criminality, but added: "Arms are not really beyond reach while they are under the sole control of the UVF."

Speaking about the decommissioning aspect, Mr Adams was not highly critical of the statement. He said: "I just think this is a process and let's just take this one step, one day at a time. Every time a group like the UVF is moving forward, whatever the judgment from our point of view, then it has to be measured and responded to in a positive way."

Mr Adams did, however, refer to claims that up to 100 republicans were recently told their details were in the hands of the UVF and their lives were in danger.

武器についてはビリー・ハッチンソン：

Billy Hutchinson, a former Progressive Unionist Party Assembly member turned community worker who once served 16 years for a UVF murder, insisted the weapons were no longer a threat.

He said: "Guns have triggers and they need to be pulled. They were pulled because people were involved in a political struggle. The guns have been put beyond reach. They are not a danger to anybody."

Weapon of choice
Owen Boycott, Northern Ireland correspondent
Thursday May 3, 2007
http://www.guardian.co.uk/analysis/story/0,,2071700,00.html
※解説記事。「ＩＲＡがいるから俺たちがいる」というＵＶＦの言い分にいきなりツッコミを入れているのが小気味よい。

The UVF, founded in 1912 as a Protestant militia opposed to Home Rule for Ireland, killed more than 500 people during the Troubles.

It reformed in 1966, before the IRA's campaign began, and appears determined to hang on to its weapons long after the provisionals have destroyed their arms dumps.

■そのほか
・・・これだけ読んだらタイムズとかテレグラフはいいや。タイムズはサンデー・タイムズで何か出てくるかもしれないけど、とりあえず今日はもう疲れた。

というわけで、PIRAが活動停止して武装解除（2005年）、UVFが活動停止（2007年５月）となると、残るはUDAか。あと非主流派リパブリカン。

非主流派リパブリカンはIRAやUVFのような司令系統がないだろうから、そっちもよけいに大変そうだけど。

※この記事は

2007年05月03日

にアップロードしました。
1年も経ったころには、書いた本人の記憶から消えているかもしれません。

Comments

アップデート。

UVF meets decommissioning body
By Vincent Kearney
BBC Northern Ireland home affairs correspondent
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6618475.stm

この記事、タイムスタンプが
Last Updated: Thursday, 3 May 2007, 09:00 GMT 10:00 UK
ってなってるけど、間違い（こんな大胆な間違い、BBCでは初めて見る）。記事本文に
The UVF announced two weeks ago that its war was over.
とあるので。

で、記事の内容は、UVFがIICDに会った、というもので、これまでにIICDのもとで武装解除（デコミッション）のパターンで考えると、UVFの武装解除も遅くともあと数週間で完了宣言が出されるということになると思います。

PIRAが済、LVFも銃などはデコミッション済で、次はUVFということになります。

残るはロイヤリスト系大組織のUDAと、リパブリカンの非主流派（RIRAとCIRA）、INLAで、UDAは特に動きは報じられていないし、CIRAかRIRAかわからないけどそこらへんはまだ相当に元気なもよう。

Posted by nofrills at 2007年05月18日 12:35